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Histologic Heterogeneity and Intranodal Shunt Flow in Lymph Nodes from Elderly Subjects: A Cadaveric Study

From the Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

Correspondence: Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Gen Murakami, MD, PhD, Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1, West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060–8556 Japan; Fax: 81-11-618-4288; E-mail: chisa{at}sapmed.ac.jp

ABSTRACT

Gaps of the superficial cortex of the lymph node provide intranodal shunts that are more often the cause of skip metastasis than are collateral vessels. Examination of lymph nodes from cadavers of elderly subjects often revealed cortical gaps, especially in specific three-dimensional assembled cords; these cortical gaps were readily seen in para-aortic and pelvic nodes. This architecture seemed to be more appropriate for a systemic immune response than a local defense. Evidence of poorly developed cortices, anthracosis, and hyalinization also suggested impaired nodal function. We suspect that this histologic heterogeneity, perhaps a result of aging, affects the nodal trapping of colorimetric/isotopic tracers and metastatic cancer cells. This may have implications for lymphatic mapping of the sentinel lymph node in elderly patients with early-stage cancer.

Key Words: Aging • Cortex • Gaps • Lymph nodes • Skip metastasis