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Pathologic Nodal Status Predicts Disease-Free Survival After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Gastroesophageal Junction Carcinoma

¹ Departments of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3118, Durham, North Carolina 27710
² Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710

Correspondence: Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Douglas S. Tyler, MD; E-mail: tyler002{at}acpub.duke.edu.

Background: The incidence of carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is rapidly increasing, and the prognosis remains poor. We examined outcomes in patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation for GEJ tumors to identify factors that predict disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of 101 consecutive patients who received chemoradiation and surgery for GEJ carcinoma between 1992 and 2001.

Results: The median DFS and OS of all patients were 16 and 25 months, respectively. Twenty-eight patients with a complete histological response (T0N0) experienced greater DFS compared with all others (P =.02). Node-negative patients, regardless of T stage, experienced improved median DFS (24 months) compared with N1 patients (9 months; P = .01). Preoperative stage, age, tumor location, or Barrett’s esophagus did not independently predict OS by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only posttreatment nodal status (P = .03)—not the degree of primary tumor response—predicted DFS.

Conclusions: The nodal status of patients with GEJ tumors after neoadjuvant therapy is predictive of DFS after resection. The poor outcome in node-positive patients supports postneoadjuvant therapy nodal staging, because surgical aggressiveness should be tempered by the realization that cure is unlikely and median survival is short.

Key Words: Gastroesophageal junction • Carcinoma • Chemotherapy • Radiation