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Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy

¹ Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 426, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
² Department of Liver Studies and Transplantation, Kings College, London, UK
³ Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
⁴ Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
⁵ Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
⁶ UK Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Correspondence: Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Melanie B. Thomas, MD; E-mail: methomas{at}mdanderson.org

Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy has not provided clinical benefit or prolonged survival for patients with advanced HCC. This review summarizes the results of prospective clinical trials of several categories of systemic therapy, with emphasis on the more promising results from recent trials of biologically targeted therapeutic agents in HCC.

Key Words: Hepatocellular • Hepatoma • Chemotherapy • Chemoresistance • Clinical trials • Biologic therapy