| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
ORIGINAL ARTICLES |
From the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute at the University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497
Correspondence: Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Elisabeth Dupont, MD, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Cancer Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Suite 3157, Tampa, FL 33612; Fax: 813-979-7287; E-mail: dupontel{at}moffitt.usf.edu
Background: Lymphatic mapping (LM) for breast cancer has made internal mammary node (IMN) detection practical and dependable. This study demonstrates the necessity of IMN removal when suggested by intraoperative radioguided surgery detection.
Methods: From April 1998 to July 2000, 1273 patients underwent LM for breast cancer. LM was performed using the combined dye and radiocolloid technique. Patients were scanned operatively with a gamma probe over the IMN area, and most underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. Nodes were removed from patients in whom radioactivity was detected in the internal mammary area.
Results: Thirty of the 1273 (2.4%) patients mapped had at least one IMN removed. Twenty-two of 30 (73.3%) had inner quadrant lesions. Five of 30 (16.7%) patients had IMNs that were positive for metastatic disease. Three of these five had no metastatic spread to the axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN). One of thirty (3.3%) patients with IMN localization had neither hot nor blue nodes detected in an SLN procedure.
Conclusions: Radioguided SLN detection should be attempted in the IMN basin with all tumors. If an IMN is identified, it should be removed. IMN biopsy is a feasible, low-risk procedure when directed by radioguided LM and provides a guide for radiotherapy for patients with positive IMNs.
Key Words: Breast Cancer • Internal Mammary • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  R. C. Chen, N. U. Lin, M. Golshan, J. R. Harris, and J. R. Bellon Internal Mammary Nodes in Breast Cancer: Diagnosis and Implications for Patient Management--A Systematic Review J. Clin. Oncol., October 20, 2008; 26(30): 4981 - 4989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Yao, B. F. Kurland, A. H. Smith, E. K. Schubert, L. K. Dunnwald, D. R. Byrd, and D. A. Mankoff Internal Mammary Nodal Chain Drainage Is a Prognostic Indicator in Axillary Node-Positive Breast Cancer Ann. Surg. Oncol., October 1, 2007; 14(10): 2985 - 2993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sarp, G. Fioretta, H. M. Verkooijen, G. Vlastos, E. Rapiti, H. Schubert, A.-P. Sappino, and C. Bouchardy Tumor Location of the Lower-Inner Quadrant Is Associated with an Impaired Survival for Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Ann. Surg. Oncol., March 1, 2007; 14(3): 1031 - 1039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. R. Krynyckyi, C. K. Kim, M. R. Goyenechea, P. T. Chan, Z.-Y. Zhang, and J. Machac Clinical Breast Lymphoscintigraphy: Optimal Techniques for Performing Studies, Image Atlas, and Analysis of Images RadioGraphics, January 1, 2004; 24(1): 121 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Estourgie, P. J. Tanis, O. E. Nieweg, R. A. Valdes Olmos, E. J. Th. Rutgers, and B. B. R. Kroon Should the Hunt for Internal Mammary Chain Sentinel Nodes Begin? An Evaluation of 150 Breast Cancer Patients Ann. Surg. Oncol., October 1, 2003; 10(8): 935 - 941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. R. Krynyckyi, H. Chun, H. H. Kim, Y. Eskandar, C. K. Kim, and J. Machac Factors Affecting Visualization Rates of Internal Mammary Sentinel Nodes During Lymphoscintigraphy J. Nucl. Med., September 1, 2003; 44(9): 1387 - 1393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
